Which type of evolution is characterized by different species evolving in similar environments?

Convergent evolution is the correct answer because it describes the process where unrelated or distantly related organisms independently evolve similar traits or adaptations as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches. This phenomenon highlights how similar environmental pressures can lead to analogous structures or functions in different species, even though those species do not share a recent common ancestor.

For example, the wings of bats and birds are a classic illustration of convergent evolution; both have developed the ability to fly despite being from different evolutionary lineages. This reflects the theme that natural selection can shape organisms in comparable ways in response to similar challenges.

The other options represent different evolutionary processes. Divergent evolution refers to closely related species evolving different traits, typically due to adaptation to different environments. Parallel evolution involves related species evolving similar traits independently, but typically in similar environments over time, maintaining a common ancestor. Co-evolution describes the process where two or more species influence each other's evolutionary paths, often seen in predator-prey or mutualistic relationships.