Which statement about genetic homology is true?

The concept of genetic homology refers to the shared genetic sequences or traits that arise from a common ancestor, which is observed across various species, indicating evolutionary relationships. The statement that diverse organisms share the same genes and metabolic pathways highlights the idea that despite the wide variety of forms and functions found in different organisms, there are fundamental genetic similarities that underpin their biology.

For example, many organisms, from simple bacteria to complex humans, share common genes involved in essential metabolic processes, such as ATP synthesis or cellular respiration. This genetic similarity is a result of evolutionary conservation, where genes that provide vital functions are retained across species due to their importance in survival and reproduction. The conservation of these genes suggests a common origin, even as species evolve and adapt to different environments.

The implications of sharing the same genes extend to various fields, including medicine and biotechnology, where understanding these common genetic pathways can lead to advancements in treatment and research. The role of genetic homology in managing diseases, for instance, often relies on knowing which metabolic pathways are conserved across species.

In contrast, the other statements suggest misunderstandings of genetic homology. For instance, the claim that only closely related species share genes overlooks the extensive sharing of genes across very different species. Similarly, stating that genetic