What term is used to describe organisms with complete sets of chromosomes?

The term that describes organisms with complete sets of chromosomes is "euploids." Euploidy refers to the scenario where the organism has a normal or balanced set of chromosomes that is typical for its species. For example, in humans, this is a diploid arrangement (two complete sets of chromosomes), resulting in 46 chromosomes.

Euploid organisms have the correct number of chromosomes for their species, which is crucial for proper growth, development, and reproduction. This balance ensures that during cell division, genetic material is accurately replicated and distributed, minimizing the risk of genetic disorders related to aneuploidy (which occurs when there's an abnormal number of chromosomes).

Other terms like "diploids" specifically refer to organisms with two complete sets of chromosomes, but euploid encompasses all organisms that have complete sets, including diploids, tetraploids, and others. "Haploids" refers to organisms with a single set of chromosomes, whereas "polyploids" describe organisms with more than two complete sets. Thus, while diploids are a type of euploid, euploid is the broader term that encompasses any organism with complete chromosome sets.