What molecule does adenylyl cyclase convert ATP into?

Adenylyl cyclase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in cellular signaling pathways by converting ATP (adenosine triphosphate) into cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate). This process involves removing two phosphate groups from ATP to create cAMP, which acts as a secondary messenger in various biological processes. cAMP is vital for transmitting signals within cells and regulating various functions such as metabolism, gene transcription, and cell division.

The production of cAMP from ATP by adenylyl cyclase is a key step in many signaling cascades, particularly those mediated by hormones such as adrenaline. This transformation allows for the rapid and efficient communication of cellular responses to external stimuli. Understanding this mechanism is essential for grasping how cells respond to changes in their environment and how signaling pathways are intricately regulated.