What macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

Nucleic acids, which include DNA and RNA, are the macromolecules responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information. DNA, in particular, is structured in a double helix and is composed of nucleotide units that encode the instructions for building proteins and regulating cellular functions. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA carries the genetic blueprint necessary for the development and functioning of living organisms.

In contrast, while proteins are vital for various cellular functions and structures, they do not serve as the main storage for genetic information. Carbohydrates primarily provide energy and structural support in cells but do not play a direct role in storing genetic information. Lipids, although essential for forming cellular membranes and storing energy, also do not contain genetic information. This distinction highlights the specific role of nucleic acids as the primary carriers of genetic material in all living organisms.