What is the function of the kinetochore during cell division?

The kinetochore is a specialized protein structure that forms at the centromere of each chromosome during cell division, particularly during mitosis and meiosis. Its primary function is to facilitate the accurate separation of chromosomes into daughter cells.

During the metaphase stage of cell division, the kinetochores of each chromosome attach to microtubules that make up the spindle apparatus. This connection is crucial for the movement of chromosomes. As the spindle fibers pull on the kinetochores, they exert tension that ensures the chromosomes are properly aligned at the metaphase plate. Following this alignment, during anaphase, the kinetochores play a pivotal role in pulling the sister chromatids apart toward opposite poles of the cell, ensuring that each new daughter cell inherits an identical set of chromosomes.

Understanding this function highlights the importance of the kinetochore in maintaining genetic stability and proper distribution of genetic material during cell division. While the other options touch on aspects of cellular function, they do not pertain directly to the role of the kinetochore in the separation of chromosomes.