What does the term "species" usually refer to in taxonomy?

The term "species" in taxonomy typically refers to a population of organisms that can interbreed and produce viable offspring under natural conditions. This definition emphasizes the importance of reproductive isolation in maintaining distinct species; members of a species share characteristics and genetic similarities that prevent them from mating successfully with members of other species. This concept, known as the biological species concept, highlights the role of reproduction as a key factor in categorizing organisms within the scientific classification system.

In contrast, while ecosystems refer to communities of interacting organisms and their environments, and artificial groupings involve classifications created by humans that may not reflect natural relationships, these do not accurately capture the biological and ecological significance associated with the term "species." Furthermore, a set of organisms with no common ancestry does not fit the definition of a species, as common ancestry is crucial for understanding evolutionary relationships among different organisms.