What does the term "genotype" refer to?

The term "genotype" specifically refers to the genetic makeup of an individual, encompassing the set of genes that carry hereditary information. This genetic composition can influence various traits but is distinct from the observable characteristics, also known as the phenotype, which result from the interaction of the genotype with the environment.

Genotype essentially represents the underlying biological instructions coded in the DNA, influencing everything from the individual’s potential traits to their susceptibility to certain diseases. Understanding genotype is crucial for fields like genetics, where the focus is on how this inherent information is passed from one generation to the next and how it can shape various biological outcomes.

In contrast, observable characteristics and physical traits relate to the phenotype, which can be influenced not only by the genotype but also by environmental factors. The environment's effect on traits is a separate consideration that highlights how external conditions can modify the expression of the genotype. Therefore, recognizing the distinction between genotype and phenotype is fundamental in genetics and biology.