What does genetic diversity refer to?

Genetic diversity refers to the variety of genes within a particular species or population. It is a measure of the genetic variation present in the genetic makeup of a population. High genetic diversity indicates a wider range of genetic traits, which can enhance the ability of a population to adapt to environmental changes, resist diseases, and survive various stressors.

For instance, in a population with high genetic diversity, some individuals may possess traits that allow them to thrive in changing conditions, while others may have traits that help them resist specific diseases, thus increasing the overall resilience of the population. Conversely, low genetic diversity can lead to vulnerability, as the population may lack the necessary genetic variations to adapt or survive when faced with challenges.

The other options do not accurately capture the concept of genetic diversity. The number of habitats relates to ecological diversity, species distribution refers to how various species are spread out geographically, and population density concerns the number of individuals in a given area, none of which directly address the variation in genetic traits within a species.