What defines a scientific theory?

A scientific theory is defined as a strongly-supported idea of the natural world, based on a substantial body of evidence gathered through observation and experimentation. This concept captures the essence of how scientific knowledge is built. A scientific theory not only explains a variety of phenomena but also has predictive power, meaning it can generate testable hypotheses.

The term "theory" in science differs from everyday use; it implies a well-substantiated explanation supported by evidence, as opposed to a mere guess or hypothesis. Theories undergo rigorous testing and can be modified or rejected in light of new evidence, which makes them dynamic and reliable frameworks for understanding complex systems and natural laws.

In contrast to this understanding, other options suggest characteristics that undermine the very foundation of scientific inquiry—like being untestable or lacking evidence, which do not align with the rigorous standards required for a scientific theory.