What are the steps involved in hypothesis testing?

The correct sequence for hypothesis testing begins with observation, leading to the formulation of a hypothesis. This hypothesis is then subjected to experimentation, where data is collected under controlled conditions to test its validity. Following the experimentation, the next step involves analyzing the data to determine whether the evidence supports or refutes the hypothesis. Finally, based on this analysis, a conclusion is drawn about the hypothesis, which may either confirm it or suggest that it needs to be revised or rejected.

This methodical approach is foundational to the scientific method, ensuring that conclusions are based on empirical evidence rather than speculation. Each step is crucial in establishing a reliable understanding of a phenomenon, enabling researchers to either support their initial hypothesis or revise it in light of the results obtained from their experiments.