Small populations are threatened primarily by which of the following?

Small populations are particularly vulnerable to the loss of genetic diversity, which is critical for their survival and adaptability. When a population is small, the gene pool is limited, which can lead to inbreeding—a situation where closely related individuals breed with one another. Inbreeding reduces the genetic variation within the population, making it harder for individuals to adapt to changing environmental conditions or resist diseases. This decrease in genetic diversity can result in an increased likelihood of extinction, as the population may lack the necessary traits to thrive under different circumstances.

In contrast, options related to overpopulation or increased biodiversity do not accurately capture the primary threat to small populations. Small communities typically do not face overpopulation issues. Increased biodiversity, on the other hand, is often seen as beneficial because it can enhance ecosystem resilience. Climate change is a significant threat to many species and ecosystems, but the immediate and direct impact on small populations is more closely tied to genetic diversity. The fragility of genetic make-up in small populations makes them particularly susceptible to environmental stressors and changes, underscoring the importance of maintaining genetic diversity for their continued survival.