How does temperature generally change in relation to latitude?

The correct answer highlights a fundamental principle in climatology: as latitude increases, the average temperature generally decreases. This phenomenon occurs due to the curvature of the Earth and the angle of sunlight received at different latitudes. Near the equator, sunlight is more direct and concentrated, resulting in warmer temperatures. In contrast, as one moves towards the poles, sunlight strikes the Earth's surface at a steeper angle, spreading the energy over a larger area and leading to cooler temperatures.

Additionally, the variation in temperature with latitude can affect climate zones, with tropical regions near the equator exhibiting warm temperatures year-round, while polar regions have much colder climates. Thus, understanding this relationship is crucial for studying global climate patterns, ecosystems, and even human activities related to temperature and weather.