How does RNA polymerase terminate the transcription process?

RNA polymerase terminates the transcription process by recognizing specific sequences in the DNA known as terminator sequences. When RNA polymerase encounters these sequences, it triggers a series of biochemical interactions that result in the release of the newly synthesized RNA molecule. The terminator sequence signals to RNA polymerase that the transcription of the gene has been completed, prompting the enzyme to detach from the DNA template.

This mechanism is essential for ensuring that RNA transcripts are synthesized to the appropriate length and that the cellular machinery knows when to stop adding nucleotides to the growing RNA strand. The interaction between RNA polymerase and the terminator is a critical step in gene expression, as it helps regulate the processes of transcription and ensures that only the intended RNA molecules are produced.