How does elevation affect local weather patterns?

Elevation plays a significant role in influencing local weather patterns due to the effects it has on temperature and precipitation. As elevation increases, the atmosphere becomes less dense, leading to lower temperatures. This phenomenon is known as the decrease in temperature with increasing altitude, often referred to as the lapse rate.

Additionally, elevation affects precipitation patterns because orographic lift occurs when moist air rises over mountains. As the air ascends, it cools and condenses, leading to cloud formation and precipitation on the windward side of the mountain. Conversely, the leeward side often experiences a rain shadow effect, where drier conditions prevail because the air descends and warms, reducing its capacity to hold moisture.

This dual influence of elevation on both temperature and precipitation highlights its critical role in shaping local climates, making the choice that states it modifies local temperature and precipitation the correct answer. The factors mentioned in the other choices do not encompass the comprehensive impact of elevation on weather patterns as effectively as this option does.