From a primary spermatocyte that undergoes meiosis, how many functional sperm cells are produced?

When a primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis, it results in the production of four functional sperm cells. The process of meiosis consists of two sequential divisions: meiosis I and meiosis II.

In meiosis I, the primary spermatocyte, which is diploid (2n), divides to form two secondary spermatocytes that are haploid (n). Each secondary spermatocyte then undergoes meiosis II, dividing once more to produce a total of four spermatids, which then differentiate into sperm.

This means every primary spermatocyte ultimately contributes to the formation of four sperm cells, making this answer correct. The transformation from spermatids to mature sperm allows for the proper functionality required for fertilization, emphasizing the efficiency of spermatogenesis.